Results show that the proposed technique is able to further reduce THD at all switching frequencies. In this paper, an IM and Interior Permanent magnet Machine (IPM) with similar output power (10kW), rotational speed (30,000rpm), and input voltage (380V) with Fractional-Slot Concentrated Winding (FSCW) are designed, optimized, and analyzed. These switching vectors and the output voltages generated in these switching states are. In addition, two inactive states that produce no voltage to the motor are possible. Islam, H. Dehbonei, K. Tan, H. Sharma -- 29. MODULATION TECHNIQUES Space Vector Modulation for Multilevel Packaging and Smart Power Systems / Douglas C. Hopkins -- Section IX: Energy Sources, Storage and Transmission -- 45. The proposed system which, This paper presents a switching strategy for multilevel cascade inverters, based on the space-vector theory. International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, gives better controlled output current and improved output voltage with moderate THD value. major parameter often used to assess the suitability of an inverter. 3.1. n-1 i2 C sc1 sa2 C sa1 i1 a b c Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, LabVIEW FPGA Based BLDC Motor Control by Using Field Oriented Control Algorithm, A novel adaptive switching method to reduce DC-Link capacitor ripple in PV based grid-connected inverter, Low Order Harmonic Analysis of 3-Phase SPWM and SV-PWM Inverter Systems Driving an Unbalanced 3-Phase Induction Motor Load, Design and Comparison of High-Speed Induction Machine and High-Speed Interior Permanent Magnet Machine, PSCAD Modeling of a Two-Level Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation Algorithm for Power Electronics Education, A Comparative Study of Sinusoidal PWM and Third Harmonic Injected PWM Reference Signal on Five Level Diode Clamp Inverter, Simulation and comparison of SPWM and SVPWM control for three phase inverter, Power electronics handbook : devices, circuits, and applications, Analysis of three phase space vector PWM voltage source inverter for ASD's, Numeric analysis and simulation of space vector pulse width modulation, Comparison of adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy-based space-vector modulation for two-level inverter, Space vector based modulation scheme for reducing capacitor RMS current in three-level diode-clamped inverter, Developing a Novel Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) Technique to Eliminate Side Band Harmonics, A Novel PWM Technique with Switching-Loss Reduction for Independent Drive of Two 3-Phase AC Motors Fed by a Five-Leg Inverter, Investigation of High Efficient AC-DC Power Factor Corrected Converters for On-Board Battery Charging System In Electric Vehicles, Computer simulation and experimental implementation of a PIC-controlled hybrid multilevel inverter for undergraduate laboratories, Çukurova University Scientific Project Unit FBA-2017-8252, Harmonic reduction for three phase voltage source inverters, Gapped alternate phased opposite dispositionpulse width modulation control for multilevel inverters, Design and Simulation of Novel 11-level Inverter Scheme with Reduced Switches, A high-performance vector control of an 11-level inverter. Section IV: Power Generation and Distribution -- 27. SPACE VECTOR MODULATION FOR TWO LEG INVERTERS PRESENTED By SUDHAKAR AKKI Reg.No:1610910044 UNDER … "Designed to appeal to a new generation of engineering professionals, Power Electronics Handbook, 3rd Edition features four new chapters covering renewable energy, energy transmission, energy storage, as well as an introduction to Distributed and Cogeneration (DCG) technology, including gas turbines, gensets, microturbines, wind turbines, variable speed generators, photovoltaics and fuel cells, has been gaining momentum for quite some time now.smart grid technology. It is shown that the proposed strategy reduces the capacitor RMS current significantly at high modulation indices and high power factors. Rotor position is obtained in two ways, with and without sensor. The highest possible peak phase fundamental is very less in sine triangle PWM when compared with space vector PWM. Space Vector Modulation of a 3-Phase BLDC Motor with the Z16FMC MCU MultiMotor Series Application Note Unlike sinusoidal PWM which generates sinusoidal currents separately in each push/pull stage of the inverter, space In order to examine the performance of the developed switching method, the spectrum of DC link current obtained by Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) in MATLAB/Simulink. PWM switching strategies not only addresses the primary issues viz, less THD, effective dc bus utilization etc but also take care of secondary issues like EMI reduction , switching loss, better spreading of Harmonics over the spectrum. In Sinusoidal Pulse width modulation (SPWM) we generate the gating signals by com-paring a sinusoidal reference signal with a trian-gular … Besides, the selected switching method to control the inverter will play an effective role in suppressing harmonic components while producing the ideal output voltage. There are not separate modulation signals in each of the three phases in space-vector modulation technique [3]. Space Vector Modulation (SVM) Technique has become the important PWM technique for three phase Voltage Source Inverters for the control of AC Induction, Brushless DC, Switched Reluctance and Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors. PWM-Full Duty Voltage (VFD) vs. However, in SV -PWM, the control voltages do not have a purely sinusoidal nature as those in the sinusoidal PWM. Fig. The angle between α-β is determined by the following equation. ) The study of space vector modulation technique reveals that space vector modulation technique utilizes DC bus voltage more efficiently and generates less harmonic distortion when compared with Sinusoidal PWM (SPWM) technique. motor control, SPWM (Sinusoidal PWM), THIPWM (Third-Harmonic Injection PWM), SAPWM (Saddle-wave PWM), SVPWM (Space Vector PWM). Space-vector modulation Like a traditional servoamplifier, a space-vector-modulation servoamplifier is a digital-PWM amplifier that produces a space-vectored three-phase voltage. The modulation techniques applied are space-vector modulation and Sinusoidal natural PWM which will greatly reduce the Total Harmonic Distortion. Section III: General Applications -- 21. (6.109) and (6.111) for the five-level inverter of Fig. PWM techniques have been used to achieve variable voltage and variable frequency in ac-dc and dc-ac converters. Journal of Engineering and Applied Science. DC/DC Conversion Technique and Twelve Series Luo-converters / Fang Lin Luo, Hong Ye -- 15. Active Filters / Luis Morán, Juan Dixon -- 42. sinusoidal PWM approach only to the extent of comparing control voltages with a triangular waveform signal. The Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of line–line voltage with Neuro-Fuzzy, Neural Network and conventional based SVM methods for various switching frequencies are presented. The sinusoidal current produced can be measured and controlled by affecting the three-phase voltage. (s. 257-261). Width Modulation) over other PWM techniques [3] -[10]. The classical square wave inverter used in low or medium power applications suffers from a serious disadvantage such as lower order harmonics in the output voltage. In SVPWM methods, a revolving reference voltage vector is provided as voltage reference instead of three phase modulating waves. Figures 5 and 6 show the speed waveforms of Sinusoidal PWM and SVPWM respectively. The resulting magnetic field creates a force that causes the permanent magnet rotor to rotate. Introduction UG0468 User Guide Revision 5.0 2 2 Introduction Space vector modulation (SVM) is an improved technique for generating a fundamental sine wave that provides a higher voltage to the motor in a 3-phase system, lower Also this paper gives comparison between three level inverters using SVPWM and SPWM technique. Photovoltaic System Conversion / Lana El Chaar -- 28. Energy Storage / Sheldon S. Williamson, Pablo A. Cassani, Srdjan Lukic, Benjamin Blunier -- 47. The main problems faced by the power electronic design engineers are about the reduction of harmonic content in inverter circuits. 6. In this paper first a model for Space vector PWM is made and simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK software and its performance is compared with Sinusoidal PWM. The theoretical numerical analysis formulas of the SVPWM strategy are always complex, while the simulation method is convenient, so it is excellent if the two methods are used in conjunction. This study explains the development of a Field Oriented Control Algorithm (FOC) based on SVPWM technique by using the LabVIEW FPGA Module for a BLDC Motor. Complete detail of Sinusoidal PWM and Space Vector Modulation For Two Level Voltage Source Converter Space Vector Modulation includes: Switching states, space … Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. (Ron) Hui, Henry S.H. Wind Turbine Applications / Juan M. Carrasco, Eduardo Galván, Ramón Portillo -- 31. The modulation waveforms generated by space vector PWM have this double hump characteristics while they look like sine waves in sinusoidal PWM. In this case magnitude and frequency of the fundamental component in the line side are controlled by the magnitude and frequency, respectively, of the reference voltage vector. 7-2a v s Reference Signal on Five Level Diode Clamp Inverter. This software implementation is performed by using MATLAB/SIMULINK software. between two pulse width modulation (PWM) control schemes, namely carrier-based and space vector based PWM for a seven-phase voltage source inverter. An analytical closed-form expression is derived for the DC capacitor RMS current with the proposed PWM strategy. This study discusses the space vector pulse‐width modulation (SVPWM) scheme for an eleven‐phase two‐level voltage source inverter, aimed at producing a sinusoidal output voltage waveform. MOS Controlled Thyristors (MCTs) / S. Yuvarajan -- 9. are increased, and the THD values of the output voltage and current are examined. Space vector modulation is also known as space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM). 2 shows the reference signals for the three phases. Space-vector pulse-width modulation has become one of the most popular PWM techniques because of its easier digital implementation and higher DC bus utilization, when compared with the sinusoidal PWM … Sinusoidal carrier-based PWM and space vector PWM You can use MATLAB ® and Simulink ® to implement space vector modulation techniques or leverage prebuilt SVM libraries for motor control applications. Every 3-Phase PWM-Inverter that uses these two modulation techniques produces a total harmonic distortion (THD) on its output, which causes mechanical, electrical and thermal stresses. Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Iskenderun Technical University, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey, least number of switching elements in the, at least as effective as the topology. AP0803620 Space Vector Modulation & Over-modulation Sinusoidal Voltage Generation & Capture/Compare Units Application Note 5 V 2.0, 2005-09 Figure 3 Center Aligned PWM Produced the CAPCOM6 Unit To aid in 3-phase When two phasors are at a maximum, the other is at zero; when all three phasors are at equal magnitude, none are at maximum. Flexible AC Transmission Systems / E.H. Watanabe, M. Aredes, P.G. In this study, the rotor position was obtained by using hall-effect sensor. Power Quality / S. Mark Halpin, Angela Card -- 41. Static Induction Devices / Bogdan M. Wilamowski. This paper presents a novel pulse width modulation (PWM) technique with switching-loss reduction for a five-leg inverter (FLI). Electric Power … The simulation and experimental waveforms of inverter line–line voltages at different switching frequencies is presented. like Sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) and Space Vector Pulse width Modulation (SVPWM) to inverter and study its performance. of the output voltages are compared. Total harmonic distortion values of the output voltages and currents of VS. SVPWM techniques for different load types. As a result, the. Field oriented control with space vector pulse width modulation. It shows novel switching strategy is more effective in reducing current ripples than the carrier-based Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) method which is used as a reference strategy. The inactive states are used as an off time during the switching period when creating the space vector. Both techniques produce sinusoidal three-phase voltages, but the shape of modulation waveforms in space vector PWM lets us fully utilize the DC source voltage. The magnitude and the angle of the rotating vector (V ref ) are shown in Fig. The considered PWM techniques are: 1) Sinusoidal PWM (most common) 2) Space-Vector PWM 2.1 Sinusoidal Pulse width modulation In this method a triangular (carrier) wave is compared to a sinusoidal wave of the desired fundamental frequency and the relative levels of the two signals are used to determine the pulse widths and control the switching of devices in each phase leg of the inverter. Let's compare both methods to see how that can be. This reduces the switching overlap at boundary positions and hence the THD. Sinusoidal carrier-based PWM and space vector PWM techniques are employed to control multiphase power converters supplying variable speed multiphase motor drive systems. Single-phase Controlled Rectifiers / José Rodríguez, Pablo Lezana, Samir Kouro, Alejandro Weinstein -- 12. The voltage stress on each controlled switching devices, capacitor balancing and switching losses can be reduced. Multilevel inverters are used, This paper presents a comparative analysis of the harmonics generated in the output waveforms of 3-phase Hbridge cascaded multi-level inverter topology using Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) techniques. According to Eqs. Real-time method of PWM generation can be broadly classified into Triangle comparison based PWM (TCPWM) and Space Vector based PWM (SVPWM). To explain the. Every deviation from the circle (e.g. The proposed high-performance strategy generates a voltage vector across the load with minimum error with respect to the sinusoidal reference. The novel PWM strategy has some efficient features. 3. However, if we translate the voltage waveform to the phasor diagram at three time slices, over a span of 60° (see Fig. Zahrul Faizi bin Hussien, Azlan Abdul Rahim, Notadlina Abdullah. Space vector pulse width modulation has been shown to produce a more efficient output voltage with less total harmonic distortion. It uses the space vector concept to compute the duty cycle of the switches. pulsewidth modulation techniques or more sophisticated vector modulation methods. Fig. This add-on can be an effective tool to give students better understanding of the space vector modulation algorithm for different control tasks in power electronics area, and can motivate them for learning. Section V: Motor Drives -- 33. Space vector modulation (SVM) is an algorithm for the control of pulse width modulation (PWM). The losses, in turn, influence the capacitor life. 4. When you say "space vector" I believe you're talking about "space vector modulation". The magnitude and frequencies of the fundamental component in the line side are controlled by changing the magnitude and frequency of the modulating signal. Sinusoidal carrier-based PWM and space vector PWM techniques are employed to control multiphase power converters supplying variable speed multiphase motor drive systems. Electronic Ballasts / J. Marcos Alonso -- 23. A three-phase space vector can be diagrammed as a hexagon (the space-vector states) encompassing a circle (the voltage limits of each state). Novel AI-Based Soft Computing Applications in Motor Drives / Adel M. Sharaf, Adel A.A. El-Gammal. A variety of methods for selective harmonics elimination pulse width modulation have been developed, the most frequently used for real-time implementation based on look-up tables 6.89 two carrier … Space vector pulse width modulation has been shown to produce a more efficient output voltage with less total harmonic distortion. To control these kinds of motors, inverters are needed. These features are discussed in this paper. Sinusoidal PWM and Space Vector Modulation For Two Level Voltage Source Converter 1. One of the solutions to enhance the harmonic free environment in high power converters is to use PWM control techniques. Fundamental Selective Harmonic Elimination. Modulation circuit with the reference and carrier signals of an m-level cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter that employs phase shift carrier-sinusoidal pulse width modulation. To determine the reference voltages for V(a-b-c) the following equations are used; changing the modulation index (Zhenyu, Arefeen, & Issa, 1997). Chow -- 11. Thyristors / Angus Bryant, Enrico Santi, Jerry Hudgins, Patrick Palmer -- 7. As a result of simulation studies, sinusoidal pulse width modulation has been found to have more total harmonic distortion in output voltages of voltage source inverters in the simulation. It is simple and linear between 0% and 78.5% of six step voltage values, which results in poor voltage utilization. space vector PWM for 2 leg inverter 1. Space vector and sinusoidal PWM techniques comparison keeping in account the secondary effects Abstract: A review of the sinusoidal pulse-width-modulation (SPWM) and the space vector PWM (SVPWM) techniques for AC motor drives is reported, taking into account secondary effects such as the digital quantization, the dead time, and the dwell time. The research in Pulse width modulation schemes has been intensive in the last couple of decades. Each phase is 120 electrical degrees apart and is limited by the bus voltage. Temperature Figure 6. As the voltage phasors are rotated, the center is constrained to that voltage level. to the Pulse Width Modulation circuit. This explains why, with SVPWM, we have a more efficient use of the supply voltage than with the sinusoidal P WM method. The phasor centers of a traditional three-phase sinusoidal system are always constrained to one-half the supply voltage, or Bus/2. In this paper, the developed switching method has been developed to generate trigger signals for the voltage source inverter (VSI) to reduce the current harmonics on the DC-link capacitor. PWM, non-sinusoidal three-phase PWM can extend the linear modulation range for line-to-line voltages. Modulation vs. Space vector vs. sinusoidal carrier-based pulse width modulation for a seven-phase voltage source inverter Abstract: The paper presents an extensive comparison between two pulse width modulation (PWM) control schemes, namely carrier-based and space vector based PWM for a seven-phase voltage source inverter. The switching sequence is similar to the APOD-PWM technique, but it has smaller switching angle. Any desired voltage-space vector will consist of a “real” voltage from one of the phases and an “imaginary” right-angle voltage created from the other two phases. Space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) provides a better technique compared to the more commonly used PWM or sinusoidal PWM (SPWM) techniques because of their easier digital realization and better DC bus utilization. Voltage range has to be extended and harmonics has to be reduced. Figure 1 shows a voltage-waveform-to-phasor-diagram translation at three time slices over a span of 120°. These techniques are commonly used for the control of AC induction, BLDC and Switched Reluctance (SR) motors. The harmonic distortion factor derivation, the numerical analysis method and the program code are presented. EMI Effects of Power Converters / Andrzej M. Trzynadlowski. The simulation study reveals that three-level SVPWM inverter generates less THD compared to two-level SVPWM inverters &Three-level SPWM inverters. The comparison is based on design challenges, cost, and efficiency. Space vector PWM, Sinusoidal PWM, total harmonic distortion, MATLAB/Simulink, Received 17 April 2017, Accepted 05 June 2017, Available online 20 June 2017, low-level harmonics in high-power converters is to, common PWM techniques, have been studied in detail and the six-pulse inverter circuit is. DC-DC Converters / Dariusz Czarkowski -- 14. Temperature Figure 7) ) Electric Power Transmission / Ir. Sensor method uses encoders, resolvers or hall effect sensor. Space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) is used as part of field oriented control to generate the required 3-phase voltages for the motor. With this book readers should be able to provide technical design leadership on assigned power electronics design projects and lead the design from the concept to production involving significant scope and complexity"-- 1. Matlab/Simulink software is used for simulation of SPWM and SV-PWM VSI by using detailed comparative analysis of THD-phase currents for both modulating strategies at different switching frequencies for this type of unbalanced 3-phase induction motor while keeping the constant amplitude modulation index. Finally, the main concluding remarks of the paper are presented in the conclusions section. Some of widespread methods are sinusoidal pulse width modulation and space vector pulse width modulation techniques. The switching devices of the system are controlled by using multicarrier sinusoidal pulse width modulation algorithm by comparing the carrier signals with sinusoidal signal. is - - - - - - - [3]. (2006). In SVPWM methods, the voltage reference is provided using a revolving reference vector. The magnitude and frequency of the fundamental component in the line side are controlled by the magnitude and frequency, respectively, of the reference vector. PWM Zero-Duty Voltage (VZD) vs. The simulated SVPWM circuit in MATLAB/Simulink is shown in below Figure 4. In this stud, terms of power quality. A genetic Algorithm is used to optimize the proposed machines and finite element analysis (Maxwell) is employed to support the result. A voltage source inverter is commonly used to supply a three-phase induction motor with variable frequency and variable voltage for variable speed applications. The modulation techniques applied are space-vector modulation and Sinusoidal natural PWM which will greatly reduce the Total Harmonic Distortion. SVPWM is a more sophisticated technique for generating a fundamental sine wave that provides a higher voltage, high reduction in the dominant harmonics and lower total harmonic distortion when found to be higher in SVPWM than in SPWM switching technique. The result of simulation has shown value of THDV line-line output voltage on both SPWM inverter and Third Harmonic Injection modulation inverter with PD carrier signal generate a minimum THDV. For every 60° of revolution in a two-pole brushless motor fed with three-phase current, the current in one coil is at maximum magnitude, while the current in the other two coils is of opposite polarity and are only one half the maximum magnitude. Computer Simulation of Power Electronics and Motor Drives / Michael Giesselmann -- 44. Unlike sinusoidal PWM which generates sinusoidal currents separately in each push/pull stage of the inverter, space vector modulation operates the entire inverter as a single unit to produce the sinusoidal currents. The modulation waveforms generated by space vector PWM have this double hump characteristics while they look like sine waves in sinusoidal PWM. Albuquerque, NM, USA: IEEE. Space Vector PWM Techniques for Sinusoidal Output Voltage Generation with a Five-Phase Voltage Source Inverter. the overmodulation region for space-vector modulation is out-side the hexagon. Both techniques produce sinusoidal three-phase voltages, but the shape of modulation waveforms in space vector PWM lets us fully utilize the DC source voltage. Section VI: Control -- 36. A suitable pulse width modulation (PWM) technique is employed to obtain the required output voltage in the line side of the inverter. Motor Drives / M.F. Inverters create a rotational movement in the motor by switching at the appropriate time according to the rotor position information. Fuzzy Logic Applications in Electrical Drives and Power Electronics / Ahmed Rubaai, Paul Young, Abdul Ofoli, Marcel J. Castro-Sitiriche -- 38. These modulation techniques used for generating variable frequency and amplitude output voltage in voltage source inverters, have been simulated by using MATLAB/SIMULINK. Fig. Five-phase variable-speed drives currently are considered for numerous applications, including electric and hybrid-electric vehicles, traction, and ship propulsion. Theoretical and experimental results are presented, comparing the proposed strategy with conventional space vector PWM (CSVPWM). current ripple if one looks at the space vector of inverter current) is related to a distortion in the time domain. vector modulation for two-level inverter. Three-phase Controlled Rectifiers / Juan W. Dixon -- 13. FCM8202 — 3-Phase Sinusoidal Brushless DC Motor Controller Typical Performance Characteristics Figure 5. Space-Vector Modulation 3.1.1. de Araújo Lima, R.F. Space vector modulation (SVM), also known as space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM), is a common technique in field-oriented control for permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM). occurring in the switching states of the inverter. When the demanded vector u* trajectory passes outside the hexagon (the demanded voltage vector is out of the converter voltage capability), the switching times must be calculated with (2), the zero vector is The code is also editable for hardware programming. Space-vector-modulation motor controllers use traditional controller circuits in novel ways to create the space-vector-modulation waveform. The companion current waveform should be a sinusoidal shape for smooth, ripple-free torque, so the voltage waveform can be any shape. Comparing the maximum bus voltages between the two methods, we can see that Bus/Ö 3/Bus/2 = 1.1547, or a 15% increase in available bus voltage. Solid State Pulsed Power Electronics / Luis Redondo, J. Fernando Silva. The goal is to use a steady state DC-voltage and by the means of six switches (e.g. Gate Turn-off Thyristors / Muhammad H. Rashid -- 8. Chattopadhyay -- 19. The DC capacitor is an important component in a voltage source inverter. This paper present the comparative modulation of Sinusoidal PWM and Third Harmonic Injected PWM Reference signal with carrier signal PD, POD, and APOD on 5 Level Diode Clamp on a R-L load. Power Electronics in Capacitor Charging Applications / William C. Dillard -- 22. Sinusoidal current A traditional brushless servoamplifier provides three-phase voltage signals at intervals of 120 electrical degrees. Here, the DC source voltage is 1 Volt. In order to demonstrate and analyze the characteristic of the space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) technology, several key issues are discussed. In the novel switching method, at the durations where the DC link capacitor current is greatest, the waveform of the input current of the inverter and the waveform of the output current of the DC side are approximated. which is determined by the given equations ((2.1) and (2.2)). The simulated SPWM circuit in MATLAB/Simulink is shown in below Figure 3. transformed to the normalized reference vector in the coordinates by the following transformation. In this paper, the methods used to control voltage source inverters, which have been intensively investigated in recent years, are compared. When the demanded vector u* trajectory passes outside the hexagon (the demanded voltage Introduction Sinusoidal pulse-width modulation (PWM) inverters are widely used Inverters / José R. Espinoza -- 16. There is another control method available with the same torque-control feature: digital space-vector modulation. PWM techniques are widely used in different applications such as variable speed drives (VSD), static frequency changers (SFC), un-interruptible power supplies (UPS) etc. Abstract: The paper presents an extensive comparison between two pulse width modulation (PWM) control schemes, namely carrier-based and space vector based PWM for a seven-phase voltage source inverter. The choice of selecting between Induction Machines (IMs) and Permanent magnet Machines (PMs) depends on the required robustness, efficiency, and cost. The objective of PWM techniques was to fabricate a sinusoidal AC output whose magnitude and frequency could both be restricted. The PWM Generator (Three-phase, Two-level) block does not perform carrier-based pulse width modulation (PWM).
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